Toyota 13211-28031-B0 Piston

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Before installing piston/connecting rod assemblies, you should ensure clean cylinder walls, chamfered top edges, and a properly placed crankshaft.

Prior to removing the piston/connecting rod assemblies, remove the cylinder head(s), the oil pan, and the oil pump pick-up tube. On four-cylinder engines only, remove the engine balancer assembly if not already done. Use your fingernail to feel if a ridge has formed at the upper limit of ring travel. If carbon deposits or cylinder wear have produced ridges, they must be completely removed with a special tool. After the cylinder ridges have been removed, turn the engine upside-down so the crankshaft is facing up. Before the connecting rods are removed, check the endplay with feeler gauges. Slide them between the first connecting rod and the crankshaft throw until the play is removed. Check the connecting rods and caps for identification marks. Loosen each of the connecting rod cap nuts 1/2-turn at a time until they can be removed by hand. Remove the number one connecting rod cap and bearing insert. To protect the crankshaft journals on four-cylinder engines, slip short pieces of rubber hose over the rod bolts before removing the pistons. Push the connecting rod/piston assembly out through the top of the engine. Repeat the procedure for the remaining cylinders. After removal, reassemble the connecting rod caps and bearing inserts in their respective connecting rods and install the cap nuts finger tight. Don't separate the pistons from the connecting rods.

If the pistons and cylinder walls are not excessively worn, and the engine block is not rebored, new pistons may not be necessary, but new piston rings should always be used during engine rebuilding.

Before removing the piston/connecting rod assemblies, ensure the cylinder head, upper oil pan section, and oil pan have been removed. Check for ridges in the cylinder and remove them using a special tool to avoid piston breakage. With the engine positioned so the crankshaft is facing up, assess the connecting rod endplay using feeler gauges, and consult an automotive machine shop if it exceeds the service limit. Check for identification marks on the connecting rods and caps; if they're not present, mark them for proper association. Gradually loosen and remove the connecting rod cap bolts and remove the caps, pushing out the bearing inserts, then proceed to extract the piston/connecting rod assemblies from the top of the engine. When installing new piston rings, verify the ring end gaps, measuring them with feeler gauges. Carefully file the ring ends to adjust the gap if necessary, and ensure the rings match the correct piston and cylinder. Begin piston ring installation by placing the top ring in the first cylinder, measuring the end gap with feeler gauges. If needed, enlarge the gap by carefully filing the ring ends. Follow with the oil control ring, ensuring proper fitment of its components. Install the number two and number one rings, paying attention to their orientation and using a piston ring installation tool. Carefully slide the rings onto the pistons, keeping them flush. Before installing the piston/connecting rod assemblies, clean the cylinder walls, chamfer the top edges of the cylinder bores, and ensure the crankshaft is in place. Remove the cap from the number one connecting rod, then install new bearing inserts and lubricate the bearing surfaces. Lay out the piston/connecting rod assemblies and ring sets, match them to the corresponding cylinder, and insert the top ring into the first cylinder to measure the end gap with feeler gauges. Ensure the gap falls within specifications and adjust if necessary. Proceed to lubricate the piston and rings with clean engine oil and attach a piston ring compressor to guide the piston into the cylinder. Ensure the rings are flush with the piston and follow the correct orientation of the piston, connecting rod, and connecting rod end. After installation, verify the connecting rod bearing oil clearance using Plastigage, and discard the old cap bolts if they were secured by bolts. Clean the Plastigage material from the rod journal, apply clean moly-base grease or engine assembly lube to the bearing faces, and tighten the rod cap bolts. Repeat this process for all remaining pistons/connecting rods, ensuring cleanliness and correct orientation throughout. Finally, rotate the crankshaft by hand to check for any binding and recheck the connecting rod endplay.