Toyota 13301-0A010 Piston Sub-Assy, W/Pin

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A piston ring groove-cleaning tool or a piece broken off the old ring can be used to remove carbon deposits from the ring grooves.

After removal, the connecting rod caps and bearing inserts should be reassembled in their respective connecting rods and the cap nuts should be installed finger tight. The pistons should not be separated from the connecting rods.

Before removing the connecting rods, the endplay should be checked with feeler gauges. Feeler gauges should be slid between the first connecting rod and the crankshaft throw until the play is removed.

Before installing piston/connecting rod assemblies, ensure clean cylinder walls, chamfered top edges, and a placed crankshaft. Remove the cap from the number one connecting rod, replace original bearing inserts, and clean connecting rod and cap surfaces meticulously. Then, inspect connecting rod bearing oil clearance by fitting upper bearing inserts in the connecting rod and cap, aligning them correctly, and without lubrication. Arrange piston ring gaps staggered around the piston, lubricate piston and rings with engine oil, and utilize a piston ring compressor during installation, ensuring rings are compressed flush with the piston. Insert the piston/connecting rod assembly into the number one cylinder bore, guiding the connecting rod to the crankshaft journal carefully. Next, check connecting rod bearing oil clearance using Plastigage before permanently fastening the rod cap. Subsequently, apply oil to the nuts and tighten them following a three-step process, adding a 90-degree turn after reaching specified torque. Remove the nuts and rod cap, but maintain Plastigage placement. Measure the width of the crushed Plastigage and compare it to specifications to confirm oil clearance. For incorrect clearance, investigate bearing insert size, cleanliness, and journal diameter. Finally, follow the final connecting rod installation steps, lubricating bearing faces and ensuring correct piston/rod assembly orientation, cylinder wall lubrication, and proper torque application while also checking for any binding after rotating the crankshaft and verifying connecting rod endplay against specifications.

Before the inspection process can be carried out, the piston/connecting rod assemblies must be cleaned and the original piston rings removed from the pistons. Always use new piston rings when the engine is reassembled. Using a piston ring installation tool, carefully remove the rings from the pistons, being careful not to nick or gouge the pistons in the process. Scrape all traces of carbon from the top of the piston using a handheld wire brush or a piece of fine emery cloth, avoiding the use of a wire brush mounted in a drill motor to prevent erosion of the piston material. Use a piston ring groove-cleaning tool or a piece broken off the old ring to remove carbon deposits from the ring grooves, taking care not to remove any metal or nick or scratch the sides of the ring grooves. Once the deposits have been removed, clean the piston/rod assemblies with solvent and dry them with compressed air, ensuring that the oil return holes in the back sides of the ring grooves and the oil hole in the lower end of each rod are clear. If the pistons and cylinder walls are not damaged or excessively worn, and if the engine block is not rebored, new pistons may not be necessary, but new piston rings should always be used when an engine is rebuilt. Carefully inspect each piston for cracks around the skirt, at the pin bosses, and at the ring lands. Look for scoring and scuffing on the thrust faces of the skirt, holes in the piston crown, and burned areas at the edge of the crown, indicating potential issues with overheating, abnormal combustion, or spark knock. Corrosion of the piston in the form of small pits may indicate coolant leakage, which should be addressed. Measure the piston ring groove clearance and the piston-to-bore clearance to ensure proper fit, and check the piston-to-rod clearance for excessive wear. If the pistons must be removed from the connecting rods, have the rods checked for bend and twist at an automotive machine shop. Finally, check the connecting rods for cracks and other damage, inspecting the rod and cap bearing surfaces for nicks, gouges, and scratches, and replacing the old bearings if necessary.

If the oil clearance needs adjustment, investigate bearing insert size, cleanliness, and journal diameter.