The crankshaft must be installed first, followed by bolting the bearing caps in place, after which the new Crankshaft Seal should be installed in the retainer and the retainer bolted to the block. Before installation, carefully check the seal contact surface for scratches and nicks that could damage the new seal lip and cause oil leaks; if the crankshaft is damaged, a new or different crankshaft is necessary. The old seal can be removed from the housing using a hammer and punch by driving it out from the back side, ensuring to note how far it is recessed into the housing bore for proper installation of the new Crankshaft Seal, which must be recessed an equal amount. Care must be taken to avoid scratching or damaging the bore in the housing to prevent oil leaks. The retainer should be clean, and a thin coat of engine oil applied to the outer edge of the new Crankshaft Seal; it must be pressed squarely into the housing bore, avoiding hammering. If a press is unavailable, the housing and seal can be sandwiched between two smooth pieces of wood and pressed into place with a large vise, ensuring the wood is thick enough to distribute the force evenly. The seal lips should be lubricated with multi-purpose grease or clean engine oil before slipping the seal/retainer over the crankshaft and bolting it to the block, using a new gasket without sealant and ensuring the dowel pins are in place. Finally, the retainer nuts or screws should be tightened gradually until snug, then torqued to specifications.